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Best Management Practices (BMP) is a term used in the United States and Canada to describe a type of water pollution control. Historically the term has referred to auxiliary pollution controls in the fields of industrial wastewater control and municipal sewage control, while in stormwater management (both urban and rural) and wetland management, BMPs may refer to a principal control or treatment technique as well. Beginning in the 20th century, designers of industrial and municipal sewage pollution controls typically utilized engineered systems (e.g. filters, clarifiers, biological reactors) to provide the central components of pollution control systems, and used the term "BMPs" to describe the supporting functions for these systems, such as operator training and equipment maintenance. Stormwater management, as a specialized area within the field of environmental engineering, emerged later in the 20th century, and practitioners have used the term BMP to describe both structural or engineered control devices and systems (e.g. retention ponds) to treat polluted stormwater, as well as operational or procedural practices (e.g. minimizing use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides). == U.S. Clean Water Act References to "BMP" == Congress referred to BMP in several sections of the U.S. Clean Water Act (CWA) but did not define the term. *The 1977 CWA used the term in describing the areawide waste treatment planning program〔United States. Clean Water Act of 1977, Pub.L. 95-217, December 27, 1977. Sections 208 (b), (i) and (j), .〕 and in procedures for controlling toxic pollutants associated with industrial discharges.〔CWA sec. 304(e), .〕 The "Section 404" program, which covers dredge and fill permits, refers to BMPs in one of the enforcement exemptions.〔CWA sec. 404(f), .〕 *References to stormwater BMPs first appear in the 1987 amendment to the CWA in describing the Nonpoint Source Management Demonstration Program.〔Water Quality Act of 1987, Pub.L. 100-4, February 4, 1987. CWA sec. 319(a),(b),(h),(l), & (m), .〕 *Another stormwater BMP reference was added in 2001 with the authorization for a Wet Weather Watershed Pilot Project program.〔Wet Weather Water Quality Act of 2000, December 21, 2000. Added by the Miscellaneous Appropriations Act, 2001 (114 Stat. 2763A–225), as enacted into law by section 1(a)(6) of Pub.L. 106–554 (114 Stat. 2763). Amended CWA sec.121(a)(2), .〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Best management practice for water pollution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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